{"id":11219,"date":"2025-03-27T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/?p=11219"},"modified":"2025-10-14T09:58:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T07:58:07","slug":"razlaga-evolucije-mravelj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/2025\/03\/27\/razlaga-evolucije-mravelj\/","title":{"rendered":"Kako so se razvile mravlje? Preprost vodnik po zgodovini mravelj"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"page-header-1978783739\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark featured-title\">\n\n        <div class=\"page-title-bg\">\n      <div class=\"title-bg fill bg-fill\"\n        data-parallax-container=\".page-title\"\n        data-parallax-background\n data-parallax=\"-\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"title-overlay fill\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center text-center flex-row-col medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper flex-col\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Vse, kar morate vedeti o evoluciji mravelj          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><nav class=\"woocommerce-breadcrumb breadcrumbs uppercase\" aria-label=\"Drobtinice\">Domov<\/nav><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n     \n<style>\n#page-header-1978783739 .title-bg {\n  background-image: url(https:\/\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png);\n  background-position: 48% 34%;\n}\n#page-header-1978783739 .featured-title {\n  background-color: rgb(94, 125, 52);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n\t<div id=\"gap-195885135\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-195885135 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"video video-fit mb\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Kako so se razvile mravlje? Hitro in enostavno raziskovanje zgodovine mravelj s \u010dasovnicami\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CAo0dqOHnmU?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1&#038;origin=https:\/\/antcube.shop\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p>Ko razmi\u0161ljamo o biotski raznovrstnosti na Zemlji, so \u017eu\u017eelke v sredi\u0161\u010du pozornosti. Dejansko predstavljajo 55% vse biotske raznovrstnosti - vklju\u010dno z rastlinami, glivami in celo \u017eivljenjem v oceanih - in impresivnih 85% vse \u017eivalske raznovrstnosti. Med \u017eu\u017eelkami imajo posebno zanimivo mesto mravlje, ki uspevajo v skoraj vseh ekosistemih na Zemlji. Kljub njihovi vseprisotnosti pa je njihova evolucijska zgodovina \u0161e vedno nekak\u0161na uganka. V primerjavi z 200-letnim raziskovanjem dinozavrov je paleontologija mravelj razmeroma mlado podro\u010dje, staro le pribli\u017eno 50 let. Preu\u010dimo, kaj doslej vemo o evolucijski poti mravelj.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cf0\">\u010ce nas \u017eelite podpreti, lahko naro\u010dite plakat; <\/span><span class=\"cf0\">Sledite<\/span><span class=\"cf0\"> povezavo do teh kul<\/span><a class=\"cf0\" href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/en\/product-category\/ant-posters-and-teaching-aids\/\"><span class=\"cf0\">\u00a0plakati za mravlje<\/span><\/a><span class=\"cf0\"> in dobite 10% off s promocijsko kodo <strong>antblog10<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Sledenje zgodovini mravelj: Kako preu\u010dujemo njihovo preteklost?<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>V nasprotju z dinozavri, katerih kosti lahko odkrijemo na popoldanskem pohodu, pu\u0161\u010dajo mravlje bolj subtilne sledi. Paleontologi se opirajo na dve klju\u010dni vrsti dokazov:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fosilni odtisi:<\/b> To so dvodimenzionalni odtisi, ki so ostali na sedimentu ali kamnini.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vzorci jantarja:<\/b> Podobno kot v o\u010darljivih prizorih iz filma <i>Jurski park<\/i>ti tridimenzionalni fosili ohranjajo mravlje, ujete v starodavni drevesni smoli, kar omogo\u010da podroben vpogled v njihovo anatomijo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1746904269\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1267297552\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1197708599\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?fit=1020%2C530&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?w=2545&amp;ssl=1 2545w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=769%2C400&amp;ssl=1 769w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1154%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1154w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=768%2C399&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1536%2C798&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=2048%2C1065&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=247%2C128&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=510%2C265&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1197708599 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1943758852\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1223970459\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"531\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?fit=1020%2C531&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?w=2553&amp;ssl=1 2553w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=768%2C400&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1152%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1152w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1536%2C800&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=2048%2C1067&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=247%2C129&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=510%2C266&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1223970459 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<p>Redkost teh najdb predstavlja izziv. V 100 milijonih let zgodovine mravelj je bilo odkritih le nekaj sto fosilov, kar je v popolnem nasprotju z bogastvom kosti dinozavrov. Kljub temu ti dragoceni ostanki ponujajo klju\u010dna spoznanja. Znanstveniki analizirajo fosilno anatomijo in primerjajo DNK sodobnih mravelj, da bi ugotovili povezave z njihovimi starodavnimi predniki.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Opredelitev mravelj: Kaj naredi mravljo za mravljo?<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Sodobne mravlje imajo tri skupne anatomske zna\u010dilnosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Komol\u010daste antene<\/b><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pas za petiole<\/b>, razdeljen na en ali dva dela<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Metaplevralne \u017eleze<\/b>, \u010deprav niso aktivne pri vseh vrstah.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Te zna\u010dilnosti znanstvenikom pomagajo razlikovati fosile pravih mravelj od drugih socialnih \u017eu\u017eelk, kot so \u010debele ali ose. Razumevanje te anatomije je klju\u010dno za razkritje njihove evolucijske zgodovine.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Najstarej\u0161e mravlje: Starodavni za\u010detki (pred 140-168 milijoni let)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Mravlje so se prvi\u010d pojavile v juri, ko so si delile svet z dinozavri in visokimi borovci. Takrat so bile redke in veliko manj raznolike. Zgodnje mravlje so verjetno \u017eivele samotarsko \u017eivljenje in se obna\u0161ale primitivno, pred zapletenimi dru\u017ebenimi strukturami, ki jih poznamo danes. Kolonije so morda \u0161tele le 10 osebkov, kar je komaj primerljivo z dana\u0161njimi obse\u017enimi kolonijami.<\/p>\n<p>Ena prvih znanih dru\u017ein mravelj, <i>Sphecomyrminae<\/i>, je stara 100 milijonov let. Zanimivo je, da so nekateri \u010dlani te dru\u017eine, kot npr. <i>Haidomyrmex<\/i>, so imele navpi\u010dno odprte spodnje \u010deljusti, ki so delovale bolj kot \u0161karje, kar jih je razlikovalo od sodobnih mravelj.<\/p>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-63882762\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-766714384\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_832631037\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"521\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?fit=1020%2C521&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?w=2550&amp;ssl=1 2550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=783%2C400&amp;ssl=1 783w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=1175%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1175w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=768%2C392&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=1536%2C784&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=2048%2C1046&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=247%2C126&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=510%2C260&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_832631037 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-499088723\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_789594576\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?fit=1020%2C525&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?w=2526&amp;ssl=1 2526w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=777%2C400&amp;ssl=1 777w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=1166%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1166w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=768%2C395&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=1536%2C790&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=2048%2C1054&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=510%2C262&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_789594576 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<p>Znanstveniki domnevajo tudi, da imajo mravlje skupnega prednika s samotarskimi osami. Obe vrsti spadata v red \u017eu\u017eelk Hymenoptera, kamor spadajo tudi \u010debele. Njune evolucijske poti so se raz\u0161le pred milijoni let, vendar mravlje in \u010debele ostajajo bli\u017enje biolo\u0161ke sestri\u010dne.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_414545716\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?fit=1020%2C526&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?w=2550&amp;ssl=1 2550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=776%2C400&amp;ssl=1 776w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=1163%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1163w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=768%2C396&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=1536%2C792&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=2048%2C1056&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=510%2C263&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_414545716 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-702835690\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-702835690 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Razcvet cveto\u010dih rastlin (pred 100 milijoni let)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Pred pribli\u017eno 100 milijoni let je eksplozija cveto\u010dih rastlin spremenila evolucijo mravelj. Z diverzifikacijo rastlin so se raz\u0161irile tudi mravlje, ki so se prilagodile novim virom hrane in habitatom. V tem obdobju so se razvile razli\u010dne skupine mravelj, med njimi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Leptanillinae:<\/b> Najstarej\u0161a ohranjena skupina, za katero so zna\u010dilne majhne, blede mravlje z dvoreznim pasom.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Poneroidi:<\/b> Plenilske mravlje, znane po svojih lovskih sposobnostih.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Formicoidi:<\/b> Skupina, ki vklju\u010duje sodobne priljubljene mravlje, kot so mizarske, listne in voja\u0161ke mravlje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pomemben mejnik je bil tudi pojav mravelj iz rodu Formicinae - mojstric obrambnih strategij, kot je \u0161kropljenje s kislino. V tem obdobju so si mravlje za\u010dele deliti delo med kastami in tako postavile temelje za visoko organizirane dru\u017ebe, ki jih ob\u010dudujemo danes.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Kako pre\u017eiveti krizo v kredi (pred 65 milijoni let)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Medtem ko je trk asteroida, ki je kon\u010dal dobo dinozavrov, povzro\u010dil mno\u017ei\u010dna izumrtja, so mravlje ostale nepo\u0161kodovane. Njihovo pre\u017eivetje gre pripisati podzemnemu na\u010dinu \u017eivljenja in prilagodljivi prehrani. Ta odpornost jim je omogo\u010dila, da so v svetu po pojavu dinozavrov dobro uspevale in se raz\u0161irile v \u0161e ve\u010d vrst.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Kmetijstvo mravelj in sodobna prevlada<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pred 50 milijoni let:<\/b> Nekatere mravlje so razvile kmetijstvo in gojile glive kot vir hrane - to je praksa, ki jo \u0161e danes poznamo pri mravljah listonoskah.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pred 12-8 milijoni let:<\/b> Pojavili so se listavci, ki so ustvarili simbiozo z gojenimi glivami, katerih pre\u017eivetje je odvisno od mravelj.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pred 1 milijonom let:<\/b> Ognjene mravlje (<i>Solenopsis invicta<\/i>) za\u010deli osvajati svet. Njihov uspeh pripisujejo poliginiji (ve\u010d matic na kolonijo), sposobnosti hitre selitve in prilagodljivosti na prehrano. Danes veljajo ognjene mravlje za eno najuspe\u0161nej\u0161ih vrst mravelj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_525935057\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?fit=1020%2C526&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?w=2548&amp;ssl=1 2548w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=775%2C400&amp;ssl=1 775w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=1163%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1163w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=768%2C396&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=1536%2C793&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=2048%2C1057&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=510%2C263&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_525935057 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1055911991\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1055911991 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Raznolikost mravelj danes<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Mravlje so ne le pre\u017eivele, ampak tudi uspevajo, saj so naseljene na skoraj vseh zemeljskih obalah. Znanstveniki so odkrili ve\u010d kot 12 500 vrst, \u010deprav je pravo \u0161tevilo verjetno veliko ve\u010dje. V tropskih regijah je biomasa mravelj ve\u010dja od biomase vseh vreten\u010darjev skupaj. Njihova edina omejitev? Ob\u010dutljivost na nizke temperature. Vendar so mnoge vrste razvile pametne strategije, kot je hibernacija, da bi prenesle sezonske spremembe.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Potovanje se nadaljuje<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Kljub svojemu neverjetnemu uspehu mravlje ostajajo na meji znanstvenih odkritij. Vsak fosil in analiza DNK dodata nov ko\u0161\u010dek v njihovo evolucijsko sestavljanko. Od samotarskih za\u010detkov do kmetijskih inovacij so mravlje izoblikovale eno od najbolj neverjetnih zgodb o uspehu v zgodovini Zemlje.Nekaj je gotovo: mravlje so veliko ve\u010d kot le marljive \u017eu\u017eelke - so dokaz iznajdljivosti narave.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ko razmi\u0161ljamo o biotski raznovrstnosti na Zemlji, so \u017eu\u017eelke v sredi\u0161\u010du pozornosti. Dejansko predstavljajo 55% vse biotske raznovrstnosti - vklju\u010dno z rastlinami, glivami in celo \u017eivljenjem v oceanih - in impresivnih 85% vse \u017eivalske raznovrstnosti. Med \u017eu\u017eelkami imajo posebno zanimivo mesto mravlje, ki uspevajo v skoraj vseh ekosistemih na Zemlji. Kljub njihovi vseprisotnosti pa je njihova evolucijska zgodovina \u0161e vedno nekak\u0161na uganka. V primerjavi z 200-letnim raziskovanjem dinozavrov je paleontologija mravelj razmeroma mlado podro\u010dje, staro le pribli\u017eno 50 let. Preu\u010dimo, kaj doslej vemo o evolucijski poti mravelj.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":24784,"featured_media":11225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[539],"tags":[486,470,488,494,490,492,489,491,495,493],"class_list":["post-11219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ant-history","tag-ant-history","tag-ant-research","tag-ants-before-evolution","tag-ants-evolution-tree","tag-evolution-of-ants-species","tag-evolution-of-ants-timeline","tag-evolution-of-fire-ants","tag-speculative-evolution-ants","tag-the-ants-after-meteorite","tag-the-ants-evolution-guide"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Ant-evolution_thumbnail2.png?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24784"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11219"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12604,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219\/revisions\/12604"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}