{"id":12905,"date":"2025-12-26T14:09:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T13:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/?p=12905"},"modified":"2026-03-04T10:53:39","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T09:53:39","slug":"zakladna-slovna-zasoba-tykajuca-sa-mravcov-cast-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/2025\/12\/26\/zakladna-slovna-zasoba-tykajuca-sa-mravcov-cast-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00c1KLADN\u00c1 SLOVN\u00cd\u010cKA O MRAVCOCH \u2013 \u010cAS\u0164 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"video video-fit mb\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ako sa rod\u00ed mravec ? \u017divotn\u00fd cyklus mravcov - dokument\u00e1rny film\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wGEVloN4CTk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p>Mravce s\u00fa pozoruhodn\u00e9 nielen svojou soci\u00e1lnou organiz\u00e1ciou, ale aj fyzick\u00fdmi \u0161trukt\u00farami, ktor\u00e9 im pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pre\u017ei\u0165, komunikova\u0165 a prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sa \u0161irokej \u0161k\u00e1le prostred\u00ed. Od architekt\u00fary ich hniezd a\u017e po \u0161pecializovan\u00fd dizajn ich tiel, ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0161truktur\u00e1lny detail hr\u00e1 \u00falohu v \u00faspechu kol\u00f3nie. <em data-start=\"323\" data-end=\"362\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 slovn\u00e1 z\u00e1soba t\u00fdkaj\u00faca sa mravcov \u2013 3. \u010das\u0165<\/em> predstavuje k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy s\u00favisiace so \u0161trukt\u00farou hniezd, exoskeletmi a \u010das\u0165ami tela mravcov, \u010d\u00edm poskytuje jasn\u00fd a pr\u00edstupn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre pochopenie toho, ako sa forma a funkcia sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa v biol\u00f3gii mravcov. Hoci nie je vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00faci, tento preh\u013ead poskytuje z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 stavebn\u00e9 kamene pre podrobnej\u0161ie sk\u00famanie anat\u00f3mie a stavby mravcov. Ak by ste chceli trochu viac kontextu, tento \u010dl\u00e1nok prirodzene nadv\u00e4zuje na<a href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/2025\/12\/17\/the-essential-ant-vocabulary-part-1\/\"> \u010casti 1<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/2025\/12\/19\/the-essential-ant-vocabulary-part-2\/\">\u010casti 2<\/a>, na ktor\u00fd bude odkaz pre \u010fal\u0161ie \u010d\u00edtanie.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">1. Mravenisko<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Mravenisko je vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 obytn\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara kol\u00f3nie. Zah\u0155\u0148a komory a tunely, v ktor\u00fdch sa nach\u00e1dza kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1, potomstvo (vaj\u00ed\u010dka, larvy, kukly) a z\u00e1soby potravy. Hniezda m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pod zemou, na strome, vo vn\u00fatri dreva, sk\u00e1l, rastl\u00edn alebo dokonca v jedinom \u017ealude.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">2. Mravenisko<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Presne povedan\u00e9, mravenisko je vidite\u013en\u00fd kopec p\u00f4dy alebo piesku, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza nad niektor\u00fdmi hniezdami. V be\u017enom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed sa v\u0161ak pojem \u201cmravenisko\u201d \u010dasto vz\u0165ahuje na cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m hniezd, vr\u00e1tane podzemn\u00fdch aj povrchov\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">3. Exoskeleton<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Mravce nemaj\u00fa pancier. Namiesto toho maj\u00fa exoskelet, vonkaj\u0161iu kostru z chit\u00ednu. T\u00e1to \u0161trukt\u00fara poskytuje ochranu, uchytenie svalov a zabra\u0148uje strate vody.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">4. Integument<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Poko\u017eka je kompletn\u00fd vonkaj\u0161\u00ed obal tela mravca. Zah\u0155\u0148a exoskelet a s\u00favisiace vrstvy, ktor\u00e9 tvoria rozhranie medzi hmyzom a jeho prostred\u00edm.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">5. Chit\u00edn<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"row\"><div class=\"large-12 col\">\n          <div style=\"background-color:#FFF;\" class=\"slider flipContainer slider-nav-circle slide box-shadow-2\"\n            data-flickity-options='{              \"cellAlign\": \"center\",              \"wrapAround\": true,              \"percentPosition\": true,              \"imagesLoaded\": true,              \"pageDots\": true,              \"contain\": true          }'>\n                        <div class=\"slide\" style=\"background-color:#FFF;\">  <div class=\"row row-collapse align-middle flip-slide\" style=\"width:100%\">\n        <div class=\"large-6 col flip-page-one\">\n        <div class=\"featured-product col-inner\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/produkt\/plagat-anatomia-mravcov-lasius-niger-70x100\/\">\n                <div class=\"product-image relative\">\n                   <div class=\"front-image\">\n                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"510\" height=\"722\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ant-Anatomy-Lasius-niger.png?fit=510%2C722&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_single size-woocommerce_single wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ant-Anatomy-Lasius-niger.png?w=565&amp;ssl=1 565w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ant-Anatomy-Lasius-niger.png?resize=283%2C400&amp;ssl=1 283w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ant-Anatomy-Lasius-niger.png?resize=424%2C600&amp;ssl=1 424w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ant-Anatomy-Lasius-niger.png?resize=8%2C12&amp;ssl=1 8w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ant-Anatomy-Lasius-niger.png?resize=247%2C350&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Ant-Anatomy-Lasius-niger.png?resize=510%2C722&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/>                  <\/div>\n                  \n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n       <div class=\"large-6 col flip-page-two\">\n        <div class=\"product-info col-inner inner-padding\">\n              <h1 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/produkt\/plagat-anatomia-mravcov-lasius-niger-70x100\/\">Plag\u00e1t - Anat\u00f3mia mravcov - Lasius niger - 70\u00d7100<\/a><\/h1>\n              <div class=\"is-divider medium\"><\/div>\n              <div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<p class=\"price product-page-price\">\n  <span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi>39,90&nbsp;<span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span><\/bdi><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"product-short-description\">\n\t<p>Ve\u013ekos\u0165: 70 \u00d7 100 cm<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"product_meta\">\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\t<span class=\"sku_wrapper\">Katal\u00f3gov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo: <span class=\"sku\">1005796<\/span><\/span>\n\n\t\n\t<span class=\"posted_in\">Kateg\u00f3rie: <a href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/kategoria-produktu\/vsetky-produkty\/\" rel=\"tag\">V\u0161etky produkty<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/kategoria-produktu\/plagaty-a-ucebne-pomocky\/\" rel=\"tag\">VZDEL\u00c1VACIE PLAG\u00c1TY MRAVCOV<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/kategoria-produktu\/tovar-2\/\" rel=\"tag\">Obchodn\u00fd tovar<\/a><\/span>\n\t\n\t <span class=\"posted_in\">Zna\u010dka: <a href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/znacka\/antcube\/\" rel=\"tag\">ANTCUBE<\/a><\/span>\n<\/div>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/produkt\/plagat-anatomia-mravcov-lasius-niger-70x100\/\" class=\"button\">Viac info<\/a>\n         <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n          <\/div><\/div>\n          \n\n<p>Chit\u00edn je \u0161truktur\u00e1lny prote\u00edn produkovan\u00fd mravcami a in\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nkono\u017ecami. Tvor\u00ed hlavn\u00fa zlo\u017eku exoskeletu, na rozdiel od \u0161krup\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa na b\u00e1ze v\u00e1pnika a nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa mimo tela zviera\u0165a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">6. Gaster<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Gaster je zadn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 tela mravca, v be\u017enej re\u010di sa naz\u00fdva bru\u0161ko. V entomol\u00f3gii sa uprednost\u0148uje term\u00edn \u201cgaster\u201d, preto\u017ee nezah\u0155\u0148a segmenty stopky.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">7. Zlo\u017een\u00e9 oko<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Mravce maj\u00fa zlo\u017een\u00e9 o\u010di zlo\u017een\u00e9 z mnoh\u00fdch vizu\u00e1lnych jednotiek naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch ommatidia. Tieto o\u010di s\u00fa dobre prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 na detekciu pohybu, nie na vytv\u00e1ranie detailn\u00fdch obrazov.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">8. Ocelli<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Ocelli s\u00fa jednoduch\u00e9 o\u010di umiestnen\u00e9 na vrchole hlavy. Detekuj\u00fa intenzitu a orient\u00e1ciu svetla a nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa hlavne u okr\u00eddlen\u00fdch mravcov, ako s\u00fa kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e9 a samce.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">9. Stopka<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Stopka je \u00fazky segment (alebo segmenty) sp\u00e1jaj\u00faci hru\u010f s bru\u0161kom. Jej tvar sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva na identifik\u00e1ciu druhov mravcov.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">10. \u010celuste<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Mandibuly s\u00fa siln\u00e9 \u010de\u013euste mravcov, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eia na pren\u00e1\u0161anie potravy, kopanie p\u00f4dy, obranu kol\u00f3nie a manipul\u00e1ciu s potomstvom.<b>.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vysvetlenie hniezdov\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far, exoskeletov a \u010dast\u00ed tela<\/p>","protected":false},"author":24784,"featured_media":12693,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[442],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ant-species"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-28-at-12-54-18-Everything-you-have-to-know-about-Carebara-diversa-YouTube.png?fit=2545%2C1432&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24784"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12905"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12905\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12908,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12905\/revisions\/12908"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}