{"id":11219,"date":"2025-03-27T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/?p=11219"},"modified":"2025-10-14T09:58:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T07:58:07","slug":"vysvetlenie-evolucie-mravcov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/2025\/03\/27\/vysvetlenie-evolucie-mravcov\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako sa mravce vyvinuli? Jednoduch\u00fd sprievodca hist\u00f3riou mravcov"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"page-header-1006959210\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark featured-title\">\n\n        <div class=\"page-title-bg\">\n      <div class=\"title-bg fill bg-fill\"\n        data-parallax-container=\".page-title\"\n        data-parallax-background\n data-parallax=\"-\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"title-overlay fill\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center text-center flex-row-col medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper flex-col\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            V\u0161etko, \u010do by ste mali vedie\u0165 o v\u00fdvoji mravcov          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><nav class=\"woocommerce-breadcrumb breadcrumbs uppercase\" aria-label=\"Drobky\">Domov<\/nav><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n     \n<style>\n#page-header-1006959210 .title-bg {\n  background-image: url(https:\/\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png);\n  background-position: 48% 34%;\n}\n#page-header-1006959210 .featured-title {\n  background-color: rgb(94, 125, 52);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n\t<div id=\"gap-897408552\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-897408552 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"video video-fit mb\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ako sa mravce vyvinuli? R\u00fdchly a jednoduch\u00fd prieskum hist\u00f3rie mravcov s \u010dasov\u00fdmi osami\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CAo0dqOHnmU?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1&#038;origin=https:\/\/antcube.shop\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p>Ke\u010f prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eame o biodiverzite Zeme, hmyz je v centre pozornosti. V skuto\u010dnosti tvoria 55% v\u0161etkej biodiverzity - vr\u00e1tane rastl\u00edn, h\u00fab a dokonca aj \u017eivota v oce\u00e1noch - a p\u00f4sobiv\u00fdch 85% v\u0161etkej \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nej diverzity. Medzi hmyzom maj\u00fa mimoriadne fascinuj\u00face miesto mravce, ktor\u00fdm sa dar\u00ed takmer v ka\u017edom ekosyst\u00e9me na Zemi. Napriek ich v\u0161adepr\u00edtomnosti zost\u00e1va ich evolu\u010dn\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria akousi z\u00e1hadou. V porovnan\u00ed s 200 rokmi v\u00fdskumu dinosaurov je paleontol\u00f3gia mravcov relat\u00edvne mlad\u00fdm odborom, len asi 50 rokov. Po\u010fme presk\u00fama\u0165, \u010do zatia\u013e vieme o evolu\u010dnej ceste mravcov.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cf0\">Ak n\u00e1s chcete podpori\u0165, m\u00f4\u017eete si objedna\u0165 plag\u00e1t; <\/span><span class=\"cf0\">Sledujte<\/span><span class=\"cf0\"> odkaz na tieto skvel\u00e9<\/span><a class=\"cf0\" href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/en\/product-category\/ant-posters-and-teaching-aids\/\"><span class=\"cf0\">\u00a0plag\u00e1ty mravcov<\/span><\/a><span class=\"cf0\"> a z\u00edska\u0165 10% off s promo k\u00f3dom <strong>antblog10<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Sledovanie hist\u00f3rie mravcov: Ako \u0161tudujeme ich minulos\u0165?<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Na rozdiel od dinosaurov, ktor\u00fdch kosti sa daj\u00fa objavi\u0165 po\u010das popolud\u0148aj\u0161ej t\u00fary, mravce zanech\u00e1vaj\u00fa nen\u00e1padnej\u0161ie stopy. Paleontol\u00f3govia sa spoliehaj\u00fa na dva k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 typy d\u00f4kazov:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fos\u00edlne odtla\u010dky:<\/b> Ide o dvojrozmern\u00e9 odtla\u010dky, ktor\u00e9 zostali na sedimentoch alebo hornin\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vzorky jant\u00e1ru:<\/b> Podobne ako podmaniv\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny z <i>Jursk\u00fd park<\/i>, tieto trojrozmern\u00e9 fos\u00edlie zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa mravce uv\u00e4znen\u00e9 v \u017eivici star\u00fdch stromov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje detailn\u00fd poh\u013ead na ich anat\u00f3miu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-981607681\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1307763338\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_34304661\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?fit=1020%2C530&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?w=2545&amp;ssl=1 2545w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=769%2C400&amp;ssl=1 769w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1154%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1154w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=768%2C399&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1536%2C798&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=2048%2C1065&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=247%2C128&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=510%2C265&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_34304661 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1228403252\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_358553070\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"531\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?fit=1020%2C531&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?w=2553&amp;ssl=1 2553w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=768%2C400&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1152%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1152w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1536%2C800&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=2048%2C1067&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=247%2C129&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=510%2C266&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_358553070 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<p>Vz\u00e1cnos\u0165 t\u00fdchto n\u00e1lezov predstavuje v\u00fdzvu. Za 100 mili\u00f3nov rokov hist\u00f3rie mravcov bolo objaven\u00fdch len nieko\u013eko stoviek skamenel\u00edn - \u010do je v ostrom kontraste s bohatstvom dinosaur\u00edch kost\u00ed. Napriek tomu tieto vz\u00e1cne relikvie pon\u00fakaj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poznatky. Vedci analyzuj\u00fa fos\u00edlnu anat\u00f3miu a porovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa DNA modern\u00fdch mravcov, aby zistili s\u00favislosti s ich d\u00e1vnymi predkami.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Definovanie mravcov: \u010co rob\u00ed mravca mravcom?<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Modern\u00e9 mravce maj\u00fa tri spolo\u010dn\u00e9 anatomick\u00e9 znaky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Kolenov\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny<\/b><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>P\u00e1s na no\u017ei\u010dk\u00e1ch<\/b>, rozdelen\u00e9 na jednu alebo dve \u010dasti<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Metapleur\u00e1lne \u017e\u013eazy<\/b>, hoci nie s\u00fa akt\u00edvne u v\u0161etk\u00fdch druhov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tieto znaky pom\u00e1haj\u00fa vedcom odl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 fos\u00edlie prav\u00fdch mravcov od in\u00e9ho spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho hmyzu, ako s\u00fa v\u010dely alebo osy. Pochopenie tejto anat\u00f3mie je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k odhaleniu ich evolu\u010dnej hist\u00f3rie.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Najstar\u0161ie mravce: (pred 140-168 mili\u00f3nmi rokov)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Mravce sa prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t objavili v obdob\u00ed jury a zdie\u013eali svoj svet s dinosaurami a vysok\u00fdmi borovicami. Vtedy boli vz\u00e1cne a ove\u013ea menej rozmanit\u00e9. Prv\u00e9 mravce pravdepodobne \u017eili osamel\u00fdm \u017eivotom s primit\u00edvnym spr\u00e1van\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 predch\u00e1dzalo zlo\u017eit\u00fdm soci\u00e1lnym \u0161trukt\u00faram, ak\u00e9 vid\u00edme dnes. Kol\u00f3nie mohli obsahova\u0165 len 10 jedincov - sotva porovnate\u013en\u00e9 s dne\u0161n\u00fdmi roz\u013eahl\u00fdmi kol\u00f3niami.<\/p>\n<p>Jedna z prv\u00fdch zn\u00e1mych \u010de\u013ead\u00ed mravcov, <i>Sphecomyrminae<\/i>, sa datuje do obdobia pred 100 mili\u00f3nmi rokov. Je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee niektor\u00ed \u010dlenovia tejto \u010de\u013eade, ako napr. <i>Haidomyrmex<\/i>, mali vertik\u00e1lne sa otv\u00e1raj\u00face \u010de\u013euste - funguj\u00face sk\u00f4r ako no\u017enice -, \u010d\u00edm sa odli\u0161ovali od modern\u00fdch mravcov.<\/p>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1208374647\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1791599320\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_720414872\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"521\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?fit=1020%2C521&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?w=2550&amp;ssl=1 2550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=783%2C400&amp;ssl=1 783w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=1175%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1175w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=768%2C392&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=1536%2C784&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=2048%2C1046&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=247%2C126&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=510%2C260&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_720414872 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1035160575\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_302015148\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?fit=1020%2C525&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?w=2526&amp;ssl=1 2526w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=777%2C400&amp;ssl=1 777w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=1166%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1166w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=768%2C395&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=1536%2C790&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=2048%2C1054&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=510%2C262&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_302015148 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<p>Vedci tie\u017e predpokladaj\u00fa, \u017ee mravce maj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho predka s osami samot\u00e1rkami. Obe patria do radu blanokr\u00eddlovcov, kam patria aj v\u010dely. Ich evolu\u010dn\u00e9 cesty sa rozi\u0161li pred mili\u00f3nmi rokov, ale mravce a v\u010dely zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa bl\u00edzkymi biologick\u00fdmi pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1296102982\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?fit=1020%2C526&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?w=2550&amp;ssl=1 2550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=776%2C400&amp;ssl=1 776w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=1163%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1163w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=768%2C396&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=1536%2C792&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=2048%2C1056&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=510%2C263&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1296102982 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1028279860\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1028279860 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Rozkvet kvitn\u00facich rastl\u00edn (pred 100 mili\u00f3nmi rokov)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Pribli\u017ene pred 100 mili\u00f3nmi rokov expl\u00f3zia kvitn\u00facich rastl\u00edn zmenila evol\u00faciu mravcov. S diverzifik\u00e1ciou rastl\u00edn sa mravce prisp\u00f4sobili nov\u00fdm zdrojom potravy a nov\u00fdm biotopom. V tomto obdob\u00ed vznikli r\u00f4zne skupiny mravcov vr\u00e1tane:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Leptanillinae:<\/b> Najstar\u0161ia zachovan\u00e1 skupina, ktor\u00fa charakterizuj\u00fa mal\u00e9, bled\u00e9 mravce s dvojdielnym p\u00e1som.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Poneroidy:<\/b> Drav\u00e9 mravce zn\u00e1me svojimi loveck\u00fdmi schopnos\u0165ami.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Formicoidy:<\/b> Skupina zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00faca modern\u00e9 ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 mravce, ako s\u00fa mravce tes\u00e1riky, listonosi a mravce arm\u00e1dne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm m\u00ed\u013enikom bol v\u00fdskyt mravcov z \u010de\u013eade Formicinae - majstrov obrann\u00fdch strat\u00e9gi\u00ed, ako je napr\u00edklad striekanie kyselinou. V tomto obdob\u00ed mravce za\u010dali rozde\u013eova\u0165 pr\u00e1cu medzi kasty, \u010d\u00edm polo\u017eili z\u00e1klady vysoko organizovan\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 obdivujeme dnes.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Ako pre\u017ei\u0165 kr\u00edzu v kriede (pred 65 mili\u00f3nmi rokov)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Zatia\u013e \u010do n\u00e1raz asteroidu, ktor\u00fd ukon\u010dil \u00e9ru dinosaurov, sp\u00f4sobil masov\u00e9 vymieranie, mravce z neho vy\u0161li bez ujmy. Ich pre\u017eitie sa pripisuje ich podzemn\u00e9mu sp\u00f4sobu \u017eivota a flexibilite stravy. T\u00e1to odolnos\u0165 im umo\u017enila prosperova\u0165 vo svete po smrti dinosaurov a diverzifikova\u0165 sa na e\u0161te viac druhov.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Mravenisko a modern\u00e1 dominancia<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pred 50 mili\u00f3nmi rokov:<\/b> Niektor\u00e9 mravce vyvinuli po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo a pestovali huby ako zdroj potravy - t\u00e1to prax sa dodnes vyskytuje u mravcov listo\u017erav\u00fdch.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pred 12-8 mili\u00f3nmi rokov:<\/b> Vznikli listonosi, ktor\u00ed vytvorili symbiotick\u00fd vz\u0165ah s pestovan\u00fdmi hubami, ktor\u00fdch pre\u017eitie z\u00e1vis\u00ed od mravcov.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pred 1 mili\u00f3nom rokov:<\/b> Ohniv\u00e9 mravce (<i>Solenopsis invicta<\/i>) za\u010dali svoje glob\u00e1lne dob\u00fdvanie. Ich \u00faspech sa pripisuje polyg\u00fdnii (viac kr\u00e1\u013eovien v kol\u00f3nii), r\u00fdchlej schopnosti premiest\u0148ova\u0165 sa a prisp\u00f4sobivosti stravy. Dnes sa mravce ohniv\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00fa za jeden z naj\u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161\u00edch druhov mravcov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_210371595\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?fit=1020%2C526&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?w=2548&amp;ssl=1 2548w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=775%2C400&amp;ssl=1 775w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=1163%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1163w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=768%2C396&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=1536%2C793&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=2048%2C1057&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=510%2C263&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_210371595 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1394615469\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1394615469 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Rozmanitos\u0165 mravcov dnes<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Mravce nielen pre\u017eili, ale aj prosperuj\u00fa a ob\u00fdvaj\u00fa takmer v\u0161etky pevniny na Zemi. Vedci identifikovali viac ako 12 500 druhov, hoci skuto\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det je pravdepodobne ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. V tropick\u00fdch oblastiach prevy\u0161uje biomasa mravcov biomasu v\u0161etk\u00fdch stavovcov dohromady. Ich jedin\u00e9 obmedzenie? Citlivos\u0165 na n\u00edzke teploty. Mnoh\u00e9 druhy si v\u0161ak vyvinuli d\u00f4myseln\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie, ako je hibern\u00e1cia, aby vydr\u017eali sez\u00f3nne zmeny.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Cesta pokra\u010duje<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Napriek neuverite\u013en\u00e9mu \u00faspechu mravcov zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa mravce st\u00e1le na hranici vedeck\u00fdch objavov. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 fos\u00edlia a anal\u00fdza DNA prid\u00e1va nov\u00fd k\u00fasok do ich evolu\u010dnej sklada\u010dky. Od osamel\u00fdch za\u010diatkov a\u017e po po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske inov\u00e1cie sa mravce postarali o jeden z najpozoruhodnej\u0161\u00edch \u00faspechov v hist\u00f3rii Zeme. jedno je ist\u00e9: mravce s\u00fa ove\u013ea viac ne\u017e len pracovit\u00fd hmyz - s\u00fa d\u00f4kazom vynaliezavosti pr\u00edrody.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ke\u010f prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eame o biodiverzite Zeme, hmyz je v centre pozornosti. V skuto\u010dnosti tvoria 55% v\u0161etkej biodiverzity - vr\u00e1tane rastl\u00edn, h\u00fab a dokonca aj \u017eivota v oce\u00e1noch - a p\u00f4sobiv\u00fdch 85% v\u0161etkej \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nej diverzity. Medzi hmyzom maj\u00fa mimoriadne fascinuj\u00face miesto mravce, ktor\u00fdm sa dar\u00ed takmer v ka\u017edom ekosyst\u00e9me na Zemi. Napriek ich v\u0161adepr\u00edtomnosti zost\u00e1va ich evolu\u010dn\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria akousi z\u00e1hadou. V porovnan\u00ed s 200 rokmi v\u00fdskumu dinosaurov je paleontol\u00f3gia mravcov relat\u00edvne mlad\u00fdm odborom, len asi 50 rokov. Po\u010fme presk\u00fama\u0165, \u010do zatia\u013e vieme o evolu\u010dnej ceste mravcov.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":24784,"featured_media":11225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[539],"tags":[486,470,488,494,490,492,489,491,495,493],"class_list":["post-11219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ant-history","tag-ant-history","tag-ant-research","tag-ants-before-evolution","tag-ants-evolution-tree","tag-evolution-of-ants-species","tag-evolution-of-ants-timeline","tag-evolution-of-fire-ants","tag-speculative-evolution-ants","tag-the-ants-after-meteorite","tag-the-ants-evolution-guide"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Ant-evolution_thumbnail2.png?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24784"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11219"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12604,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219\/revisions\/12604"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}