{"id":11219,"date":"2025-03-27T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/?p=11219"},"modified":"2025-10-14T09:58:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T07:58:07","slug":"muurahaisten-evoluutio-selitetty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/2025\/03\/27\/muurahaisten-evoluutio-selitetty\/","title":{"rendered":"Miten muurahaiset kehittyiv\u00e4t? Yksinkertainen opas muurahaisten historiasta"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"page-header-1277329129\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark featured-title\">\n\n        <div class=\"page-title-bg\">\n      <div class=\"title-bg fill bg-fill\"\n        data-parallax-container=\".page-title\"\n        data-parallax-background\n data-parallax=\"-\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"title-overlay fill\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center text-center flex-row-col medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper flex-col\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Kaikki mit\u00e4 sinun pit\u00e4isi tiet\u00e4\u00e4 muurahaisten evoluutiosta          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><nav class=\"woocommerce-breadcrumb breadcrumbs uppercase\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">Etusivu<\/nav><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n     \n<style>\n#page-header-1277329129 .title-bg {\n  background-image: url(https:\/\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png);\n  background-position: 48% 34%;\n}\n#page-header-1277329129 .featured-title {\n  background-color: rgb(94, 125, 52);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n\t<div id=\"gap-2011519808\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-2011519808 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"video video-fit mb\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Miten muurahaiset kehittyiv\u00e4t? Nopea ja helppo tutustuminen muurahaisten historiaan aikajanojen avulla.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CAo0dqOHnmU?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1&#038;origin=https:\/\/antcube.shop\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p>Kun ajattelemme maapallon biologista monimuotoisuutta, hy\u00f6nteiset ovat keskeisess\u00e4 asemassa. Itse asiassa niiden osuus kaikesta biologisesta monimuotoisuudesta - kasvit, sienet ja jopa valtamerten eli\u00f6st\u00f6 mukaan luettuina - on 55% ja el\u00e4inten monimuotoisuudesta vaikuttava 85%. Hy\u00f6nteisten joukossa muurahaisilla on erityisen kiehtova asema, sill\u00e4 ne viihtyv\u00e4t l\u00e4hes kaikissa maapallon ekosysteemeiss\u00e4. Huolimatta niiden yleisyydest\u00e4 niiden evoluutiohistoria on edelleen jonkinlainen arvoitus. Muurahaispaleontologia on suhteellisen nuori, vain noin 50 vuotta vanha ala verrattuna dinosaurusten 200-vuotiseen tutkimukseen. Tutustutaanpa siihen, mit\u00e4 t\u00e4h\u00e4n menness\u00e4 tied\u00e4mme muurahaisten evoluutiosta.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cf0\">Jos haluat tukea meit\u00e4, voit tilata julisteen; <\/span><span class=\"cf0\">Seuraa<\/span><span class=\"cf0\"> linkki n\u00e4ihin viileisiin<\/span><a class=\"cf0\" href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/en\/product-category\/ant-posters-and-teaching-aids\/\"><span class=\"cf0\">\u00a0muurahaisjulisteet<\/span><\/a><span class=\"cf0\"> ja saada 10% pois tarjouskoodilla <strong>antblog10<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Muurahaisten historian j\u00e4ljitt\u00e4minen: Miten tutkimme niiden menneisyytt\u00e4?<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Toisin kuin dinosaurukset, joiden luut voi kaivaa esiin iltap\u00e4iv\u00e4retkell\u00e4, muurahaiset j\u00e4tt\u00e4v\u00e4t hienovaraisempia j\u00e4lki\u00e4. Paleontologit tukeutuvat kahteen keskeiseen todistusaineistoon:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fossiiliset j\u00e4ljet:<\/b> Ne ovat kaksiulotteisia j\u00e4lki\u00e4, jotka ovat j\u00e4\u00e4neet sedimenttiin tai kallioon.<\/li>\n<li><b>Meripihkan\u00e4ytteet:<\/b> Aivan kuten vangitsevat kohtaukset elokuvasta <i>Jurassic Park<\/i>N\u00e4iss\u00e4 kolmiulotteisissa fossiileissa muinaisen puun hartsiin juuttuneet muurahaiset ovat s\u00e4ilyneet, ja niiden anatomia on n\u00e4ht\u00e4viss\u00e4 yksityiskohtaisesti.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-983011441\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1988485230\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_334536202\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?fit=1020%2C530&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?w=2545&amp;ssl=1 2545w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=769%2C400&amp;ssl=1 769w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1154%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1154w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=768%2C399&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1536%2C798&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=2048%2C1065&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=247%2C128&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=510%2C265&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_334536202 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-268947746\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1553203246\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"531\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?fit=1020%2C531&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?w=2553&amp;ssl=1 2553w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=768%2C400&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1152%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1152w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1536%2C800&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=2048%2C1067&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=247%2C129&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=510%2C266&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1553203246 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<p>N\u00e4iden l\u00f6yt\u00f6jen harvinaisuus on haaste. Sadan miljoonan vuoden aikana on l\u00f6ydetty vain muutama sata fossiilia, mik\u00e4 on jyrk\u00e4ss\u00e4 ristiriidassa dinosaurusten luiden runsauden kanssa. Silti n\u00e4m\u00e4 arvokkaat muinaisj\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6kset tarjoavat ratkaisevia tietoja. Tutkijat analysoivat fossiilien anatomiaa ja vertailevat nykyisten muurahaisten DNA:ta l\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4kseen yhteyksi\u00e4 muinaisiin esi-isiins\u00e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Muurahaisten m\u00e4\u00e4rittely: Mik\u00e4 tekee muurahaisesta muurahaisen?<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Nykyaikaisilla muurahaisilla on kolme yhteist\u00e4 anatomista tunnusmerkki\u00e4:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Kyyn\u00e4rp\u00e4iset antennit<\/b><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>A Petiole vy\u00f6t\u00e4r\u00f6<\/b>, jaettu yhteen tai kahteen osaan<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Metapleuraaliset rauhaset<\/b>, vaikka ne eiv\u00e4t olekaan aktiivisia kaikissa lajeissa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u00e4m\u00e4 piirteet auttavat tutkijoita erottamaan todelliset muurahaisfossiilit muista sosiaalisista hy\u00f6nteisist\u00e4, kuten mehil\u00e4isist\u00e4 tai ampiaisista. T\u00e4m\u00e4n anatomian ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4minen on avainasemassa niiden evoluutiohistorian selvitt\u00e4misess\u00e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Varhaisimmat muurahaiset: Muurahaiset: Muinaiset alut (140-168 miljoonaa vuotta sitten)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Muurahaiset ilmestyiv\u00e4t ensimm\u00e4isen kerran jurakaudella ja jakoivat maailmansa dinosaurusten ja korkeiden m\u00e4ntyjen kanssa. Silloin ne olivat harvinaisia ja paljon v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n monimuotoisia. Varhaiset muurahaiset eliv\u00e4t todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti yksin\u00e4ist\u00e4 el\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4 ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyiv\u00e4t alkeellisesti ennen nykyisi\u00e4 monimutkaisia sosiaalisia rakenteita. Siirtokunnissa saattoi olla vain 10 yksil\u00f6\u00e4, mik\u00e4 on tuskin verrattavissa nykyisiin laajoihin siirtokuntiin.<\/p>\n<p>Yksi varhaisimmista tunnetuista muurahaisperheist\u00e4, <i>Sphecomyrminae<\/i>on per\u00e4isin 100 miljoonan vuoden takaa. Mielenkiintoista on, ett\u00e4 jotkut t\u00e4m\u00e4n perheen j\u00e4senet, kuten <i>Haidomyrmex<\/i>, joilla oli pystysuoraan aukeavat alaleuat, jotka toimivat pikemminkin kuin sakset, mik\u00e4 erottaa ne nykyisist\u00e4 muurahaisista.<\/p>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-678514068\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1866271\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_659289986\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"521\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?fit=1020%2C521&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?w=2550&amp;ssl=1 2550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=783%2C400&amp;ssl=1 783w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=1175%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1175w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=768%2C392&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=1536%2C784&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=2048%2C1046&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=247%2C126&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=510%2C260&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_659289986 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1211392997\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1147180755\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?fit=1020%2C525&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?w=2526&amp;ssl=1 2526w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=777%2C400&amp;ssl=1 777w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=1166%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1166w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=768%2C395&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=1536%2C790&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=2048%2C1054&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=510%2C262&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1147180755 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<p>Tutkijat olettavat my\u00f6s, ett\u00e4 muurahaisilla on yhteinen esi-is\u00e4 yksin\u00e4isten ampiaisten kanssa. Molemmat kuuluvat Hymenoptera-hy\u00f6nteisj\u00e4rjest\u00f6\u00f6n, johon kuuluvat my\u00f6s mehil\u00e4iset. Niiden evoluutiopolut erosivat toisistaan miljoonia vuosia sitten, mutta muurahaiset ja mehil\u00e4iset ovat edelleen l\u00e4heisi\u00e4 biologisia serkkuja.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_509967383\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?fit=1020%2C526&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?w=2550&amp;ssl=1 2550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=776%2C400&amp;ssl=1 776w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=1163%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1163w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=768%2C396&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=1536%2C792&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=2048%2C1056&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=510%2C263&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_509967383 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-977720519\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-977720519 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Kukkivien kasvien kukoistus (100 miljoonaa vuotta sitten)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Noin 100 miljoonaa vuotta sitten kukkivien kasvien r\u00e4j\u00e4hdysm\u00e4inen levi\u00e4minen muutti muurahaisten evoluution. Kasvien monipuolistuessa my\u00f6s muurahaiset sopeutuivat uusiin ravinnonl\u00e4hteisiin ja elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ihin. T\u00e4n\u00e4 aikana syntyi useita muurahaisryhmi\u00e4, kuten:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Leptanillinae:<\/b> Vanhin s\u00e4ilynyt ryhm\u00e4, jolle ovat ominaisia pienet, vaaleat muurahaiset, joilla on kaksiosainen vy\u00f6t\u00e4r\u00f6.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Poneroidit:<\/b> Saalistavia muurahaisia, jotka tunnetaan mets\u00e4stystaidoistaan.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Formicoidit:<\/b> Ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n kuuluvat nykyajan suosikit, kuten puusep\u00e4nmuurahaiset, lehtimuurahaiset ja armeijan muurahaiset.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Formicinae-muurahaisten ilmestyminen - jotka hallitsevat happosumutuksen kaltaiset puolustusstrategiat - oli toinen merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 virstanpylv\u00e4s. T\u00e4n\u00e4 aikakautena muurahaiset alkoivat jakaa ty\u00f6t\u00e4 kastien kesken, mik\u00e4 loi pohjan nykyisin ihailemillemme hyvin organisoiduille yhteiskunnille.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Selviytyminen liitukauden kriisist\u00e4 (65 miljoonaa vuotta sitten)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Dinosaurusten aikakauden p\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4nyt asteroidit\u00f6rm\u00e4ys aiheutti joukkokuolemia, mutta muurahaiset selvisiv\u00e4t siit\u00e4 vahingoittumattomina. Niiden selviytyminen johtuu niiden maanalaisesta el\u00e4m\u00e4ntavasta ja ruokavalion joustavuudesta. T\u00e4m\u00e4n joustavuuden ansiosta ne menestyiv\u00e4t dinosaurusten j\u00e4lkeisess\u00e4 maailmassa ja monipuolistuivat yh\u00e4 useammaksi lajiksi.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Muurahaismaatalous ja moderni ylivalta<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>50 miljoonaa vuotta sitten:<\/b> Jotkut muurahaiset kehittiv\u00e4t maanviljelyn ja viljeliv\u00e4t sieni\u00e4 ravinnonl\u00e4hteen\u00e4 - t\u00e4m\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00e4nt\u00f6 on edelleen havaittavissa lehtimuurahaisissa.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>12-8 miljoonaa vuotta sitten:<\/b> Lehtisirkkoja syntyi, ja ne loivat symbioottisen suhteen viljeltyjen sieniens\u00e4 kanssa, jotka ovat riippuvaisia muurahaisista selviyty\u00e4kseen.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>1 miljoona vuotta sitten:<\/b> Palomuurahaiset (<i>Solenopsis invicta<\/i>) aloittivat maailmanlaajuisen valloituksensa. Niiden menestys johtuu polygyynisyydest\u00e4 (useita kuningattaria yhdest\u00e4 pes\u00e4kkeest\u00e4), nopeasta siirtymiskyvyst\u00e4 ja ruokavaliota koskevasta sopeutumiskyvyst\u00e4. Tulimuurahaisia pidet\u00e4\u00e4n nyky\u00e4\u00e4n yhten\u00e4 menestyneimmist\u00e4 muurahaislajeista.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1275897308\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?fit=1020%2C526&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?w=2548&amp;ssl=1 2548w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=775%2C400&amp;ssl=1 775w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=1163%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1163w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=768%2C396&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=1536%2C793&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=2048%2C1057&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=510%2C263&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1275897308 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-531288262\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-531288262 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Ant Diversity t\u00e4n\u00e4\u00e4n<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Muurahaiset eiv\u00e4t ole vain selvinneet hengiss\u00e4 vaan my\u00f6s kukoistaneet, ja ne ovat asuttaneet l\u00e4hes kaikki maapallon maa-alueet. Tutkijat ovat tunnistaneet yli 12 500 lajia, vaikka todellinen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 on todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti paljon suurempi. Trooppisilla alueilla muurahaisten biomassa on suurempi kuin kaikkien selk\u00e4rankaisten el\u00e4inten biomassa yhteens\u00e4. Niiden ainoa rajoitus? Herkkyys kylmille l\u00e4mp\u00f6tiloille. Monet lajit ovat kuitenkin kehitt\u00e4neet nokkelia strategioita, kuten horroksen, kest\u00e4\u00e4kseen vuodenaikojen vaihtelut.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Matka jatkuu<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Uskomattomasta menestyksest\u00e4\u00e4n huolimatta muurahaiset ovat edelleen tieteellisten tutkimusten eturintamassa. Jokainen fossiili ja DNA-analyysi lis\u00e4\u00e4 uuden palasen niiden evoluutiopalapeliin. Muurahaiset ovat luoneet yhden maapallon historian merkitt\u00e4vimmist\u00e4 menestystarinoista yksin\u00e4isist\u00e4 alkuajoista maatalousinnovaatioihin.Yksi asia on varma: muurahaiset ovat paljon muutakin kuin pelkki\u00e4 ty\u00f6teli\u00e4it\u00e4 hy\u00f6nteisi\u00e4 - ne ovat osoitus luonnon nerokkuudesta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kun ajattelemme maapallon biologista monimuotoisuutta, hy\u00f6nteiset ovat keskeisess\u00e4 asemassa. Itse asiassa niiden osuus kaikesta biologisesta monimuotoisuudesta - kasvit, sienet ja jopa valtamerten eli\u00f6st\u00f6 mukaan luettuina - on 55% ja el\u00e4inten monimuotoisuudesta vaikuttava 85%. Hy\u00f6nteisten joukossa muurahaisilla on erityisen kiehtova asema, sill\u00e4 ne viihtyv\u00e4t l\u00e4hes kaikissa maapallon ekosysteemeiss\u00e4. Huolimatta niiden yleisyydest\u00e4 niiden evoluutiohistoria on edelleen jonkinlainen arvoitus. Muurahaispaleontologia on suhteellisen nuori, vain noin 50 vuotta vanha ala verrattuna dinosaurusten 200-vuotiseen tutkimukseen. Tutustutaanpa siihen, mit\u00e4 t\u00e4h\u00e4n menness\u00e4 tied\u00e4mme muurahaisten evoluutiosta.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":24784,"featured_media":11225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[539],"tags":[486,470,488,494,490,492,489,491,495,493],"class_list":["post-11219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ant-history","tag-ant-history","tag-ant-research","tag-ants-before-evolution","tag-ants-evolution-tree","tag-evolution-of-ants-species","tag-evolution-of-ants-timeline","tag-evolution-of-fire-ants","tag-speculative-evolution-ants","tag-the-ants-after-meteorite","tag-the-ants-evolution-guide"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Ant-evolution_thumbnail2.png?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24784"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11219"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12604,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219\/revisions\/12604"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}