{"id":12055,"date":"2025-08-01T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/?p=12055"},"modified":"2025-10-08T18:13:42","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T16:13:42","slug":"5-nejdulezitejsich-podceledi-mravencu-ktere-byste-meli-znat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/2025\/08\/01\/5-nejdulezitejsich-podceledi-mravencu-ktere-byste-meli-znat\/","title":{"rendered":"5 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pod\u010deled\u00ed mravenc\u016f, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli zn\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u00davod<\/h2>\n

Mravenci, jedna z nejrozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a ekologicky nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch skupin hmyzu, se d\u011bl\u00ed na dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 skupiny: Poneroidy<\/strong> a Formicoidy<\/strong>. Zat\u00edmco poneroidi jsou starobylej\u0161\u00ed, samot\u00e1\u0159\u0161t\u00ed lovci, formicoidi jsou vysoce soci\u00e1ln\u00ed mravenci, se kter\u00fdmi se nej\u010dast\u011bji setk\u00e1v\u00e1me v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka rozd\u011bluje pod\u010deledi v r\u00e1mci skupiny Formicoid\u016f, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jejich charakteristick\u00e9 znaky, po\u010det druh\u016f v ka\u017ed\u00e9 pod\u010deledi a n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady druh\u016f. V\u0161imn\u011bte si tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolika vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a vyhynul\u00fdch pod\u010deled\u00ed, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k na\u0161emu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed evoluce mravenc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jen mal\u00e1 p\u0159est\u00e1vka v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku: <\/span>Pokud n\u00e1s chcete podpo\u0159it, m\u016f\u017eete si objednat plak\u00e1t; <\/span>Sledujte<\/span> odkaz na tyto skv\u011bl\u00e9<\/span>\u00a0plak\u00e1ty mravenc\u016f<\/span><\/a> a z\u00edskat 10% off s promo k\u00f3dem antblog10<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Informace uveden\u00e9 v t\u00e9to tabulce navazuj\u00ed na \u00fadaje z knihy Heather Campbellov\u00e9 a Benjamina Blancharda: Mravenci: Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fvodce<\/em> (2023). Po\u010dty a klasifikace druh\u016f jsou tedy p\u0159esn\u00e9 k datu vyd\u00e1n\u00ed knihy. Tato p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka slou\u017e\u00ed jako komplexn\u00ed zdroj informac\u00ed o rozmanitosti a chov\u00e1n\u00ed mravenc\u016f a nab\u00edz\u00ed podrobn\u00fd pohled na jejich taxonomii a ekologick\u00e9 role. Upozor\u0148ujeme, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objevy nebo aktualizace nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u00edch zohledn\u011bny.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Pod\u010deledi mravenc\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1zev pod\u010deledi<\/strong><\/th>\nPo\u010det druh\u016f<\/strong><\/th>\nHlavn\u00ed charakteristiky<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
#1 Formicinae<\/strong><\/td>\n3244<\/td>\nKyseloplod\u00e9, jeden \u0159ap\u00edkat\u00fd uzel, acidop\u00f3ry, b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v les\u00edch a m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblastech. P\u0159\u00edklady: Camponotus<\/em>, Formica<\/em>, Lasius<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
#2 Myrmicinae<\/strong><\/td>\n7075<\/td>\nNejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupina, dva \u0159ap\u00edkat\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, \u010dasto funk\u010dn\u00ed \u017eihadlo, druhy p\u011bstuj\u00ed houby, chov\u00e1 m\u0161ice nebo se pohybuj\u00ed samostatn\u011b. P\u0159\u00edklady: Solenopsis<\/em>, Messor<\/em>, Pheidole<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
#3 Dolichoderinae<\/strong><\/td>\n714<\/td>\nChemi\u010dt\u00ed bojovn\u00edci, nemaj\u00ed \u017eihadlo, vylu\u010duj\u00ed siln\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, jeden \u0159ap\u00edkat\u00fd uzel, \u010dasto invazivn\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edklady: Linepithema<\/em>, Tapinoma<\/em>, Iridomyrmex<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
#4 Ponerinae<\/strong><\/td>\n1267<\/td>\nPrimitivn\u00ed dravci, siln\u00e9 \u010delisti, \u017eihadlo, jednoduch\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktura, aktivn\u00ed lovci. P\u0159\u00edklady: Odontomachus<\/em>, Pachycondyla<\/em>, Harpegnathos<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
#5 Dorylinae<\/strong><\/td>\n749<\/td>\nSlep\u00ed, ko\u010dovn\u00ed, s velk\u00fdmi \u017eihadly, bez st\u00e1l\u00fdch hn\u00edzd, n\u00e1lety v hejnech. P\u0159\u00edklady: Eciton<\/em>, Dorylus<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Agroecamyrmecinae<\/strong><\/td>\n2<\/td>\nVz\u00e1cn\u00e9, specifick\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 niky, omezen\u00e9 informace.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Amblyoponinae<\/strong><\/td>\n143<\/td>\nMravenci s velk\u00fdmi \u010delistmi, relativn\u011b samot\u00e1\u0159\u0161t\u00ed, vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v tropick\u00fdch oblastech.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aneuretinae<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/td>\nMimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00ed, mal\u00ed a m\u00e1lo prozkouman\u00ed mravenci.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Apomyrminae<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/td>\nZn\u00e1m\u00fd z jedin\u00e9ho druhu, specializovan\u00e1 ekologick\u00e1 role, minimum \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ectatomminae<\/strong><\/td>\n302<\/td>\nVz\u00e1cn\u00e9, vyskytuj\u00ed se v tropick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy se chovaj\u00ed agresivn\u011b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Leptanillinae<\/strong><\/td>\n70<\/td>\nMal\u00e9, \u010dasto podzemn\u00ed, n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy jsou parazitick\u00e9 nebo specializovan\u00ed lovci.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Martialinae<\/strong><\/td>\n5<\/td>\nVz\u00e1cn\u00e1 pod\u010dele\u010f s n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi druhy, informace jsou omezen\u00e9.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Myrmeciinae<\/strong><\/td>\n94<\/td>\nJe zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdm agresivn\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm, velkou velikost\u00ed a poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Austr\u00e1lie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paraponerinae<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/td>\nExtr\u00e9mn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, jako nap\u0159. Paraponera<\/em> jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi velk\u00fdmi rozm\u011bry a bolestiv\u00fdmi \u017eihadly.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proceratiinae<\/strong><\/td>\n163<\/td>\nVz\u00e1cn\u00e9, specializovan\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 role, v\u010detn\u011b predace a stavby hn\u00edzd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pseudomyrmecinae<\/strong><\/td>\n235<\/td>\nN\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi interakcemi s rostlinami a jsou stromov\u00e9.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2020<\/span> Armaniinae<\/strong><\/td>\n12<\/td>\nVyhynul\u00fd, zn\u00e1m\u00fd pouze z fosili\u00ed, m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00fd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2020<\/span> Brownnimeciinae<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/td>\nVyhynul\u00fd, pouze fosiln\u00ed n\u00e1lez.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2020<\/span> Formiciinae<\/strong><\/td>\n6<\/td>\nVyhynul\u00fd, zn\u00e1m\u00fd z fosili\u00ed, souvis\u00ed s ran\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem mravenc\u016f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2020<\/span> Haidomyrmecinae<\/strong><\/td>\n16<\/td>\nVyhynul\u00fd, zn\u00e1m\u00fd pouze z fosili\u00ed, starobyl\u00fd, s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi morfologick\u00fdmi znaky.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2020<\/span> Specomyrminae<\/strong><\/td>\n12<\/td>\nVyhynul\u00fd, pouze zkamen\u011bl\u00fd, zn\u00e1m\u00fd d\u00edky jedine\u010dn\u00fdm fyzick\u00fdm rys\u016fm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2020<\/span>Zigrasimeciinae<\/strong><\/td>\n6<\/td>\nVyhynul\u00fd, zn\u00e1m\u00fd pouze z fosili\u00ed, k dispozici je minimum \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n

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Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, skupina Formicoid zahrnuje \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu mravenc\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, adaptace a ekologick\u00e9 role. Od mravenc\u016f st\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc\u00edch kyselinu Formicinae<\/em> ko\u010dovn\u00fdm Dorylinae<\/em>, tyto pod\u010deledi dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou rozmanitost mravenc\u016f. Zat\u00edmco mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto pod\u010deled\u00ed jsou hojn\u00e9 a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9, jin\u00e9 jsou vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nebo vyhynul\u00e9 a nab\u00edzej\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed pohled do minulosti i sou\u010dasnosti tohoto pozoruhodn\u00e9ho hmyzu. Mravenci hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v ekosyst\u00e9mech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, a\u0165 u\u017e se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed chovem hub, nebo prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed masivn\u00ed n\u00e1lety.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":24784,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[539],"tags":[455,482,574,581,463,557,470,459,572,580,558,559,577,579,465,575,573,576,578],"class_list":["post-12055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ant-history","tag-ant-behavior","tag-ant-biology","tag-ant-classification","tag-ant-ecology","tag-ant-evolution","tag-ant-families","tag-ant-research","tag-ant-species","tag-ant-subfamilies","tag-ant-types","tag-antsubfamilies","tag-big-5-ant-families","tag-dolichoderinae","tag-dorylinae","tag-entomology","tag-formicinae","tag-important-ant-subfamilies","tag-myrmicinae","tag-ponerinae"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24784"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12055"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12412,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12055\/revisions\/12412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}