{"id":11219,"date":"2025-03-27T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/?p=11219"},"modified":"2025-10-14T09:58:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T07:58:07","slug":"vysvetleni-evoluce-mravencu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/2025\/03\/27\/vysvetleni-evoluce-mravencu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak se mravenci vyvinuli? Jednoduch\u00fd pr\u016fvodce histori\u00ed mravenc\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"page-header-1025976718\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark featured-title\">\n\n        <div class=\"page-title-bg\">\n      <div class=\"title-bg fill bg-fill\"\n        data-parallax-container=\".page-title\"\n        data-parallax-background\n data-parallax=\"-\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"title-overlay fill\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center text-center flex-row-col medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper flex-col\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            V\u0161e, co byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt o v\u00fdvoji mravenc\u016f          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><nav class=\"woocommerce-breadcrumb breadcrumbs uppercase\" aria-label=\"Drobe\u010dky\">Dom\u016f<\/nav><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n     \n<style>\n#page-header-1025976718 .title-bg {\n  background-image: url(https:\/\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png);\n  background-position: 48% 34%;\n}\n#page-header-1025976718 .featured-title {\n  background-color: rgb(94, 125, 52);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1548562936\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1548562936 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"video video-fit mb\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Jak se mravenci vyvinuli? Rychl\u00fd a snadn\u00fd pr\u016fzkum historie mravenc\u016f s \u010dasov\u00fdmi osami\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CAo0dqOHnmU?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1&#038;origin=https:\/\/antcube.shop\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edme o biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti Zem\u011b, hmyz je v centru pozornosti. Ve skute\u010dnosti tvo\u0159\u00ed 55% ve\u0161ker\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti - v\u010detn\u011b rostlin, hub a dokonce i \u017eivota v oce\u00e1nech - a \u00factyhodn\u00fdch 85% ve\u0161ker\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 rozmanitosti. Mezi hmyzem zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsto mravenci, kter\u00fdm se da\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech ekosyst\u00e9mech na Zemi. Navzdory jejich v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomnosti z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich evolu\u010dn\u00ed historie jakousi z\u00e1hadou. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 200 lety v\u00fdzkumu dinosaur\u016f je paleontologie mravenc\u016f relativn\u011b mlad\u00fdm oborem, star\u00fdm jen asi 50 let. Prozkoumejme, co zat\u00edm v\u00edme o evolu\u010dn\u00ed cest\u011b mravenc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cf0\">Pokud n\u00e1s chcete podpo\u0159it, m\u016f\u017eete si objednat plak\u00e1t; <\/span><span class=\"cf0\">Sledujte<\/span><span class=\"cf0\"> odkaz na tyto skv\u011bl\u00e9<\/span><a class=\"cf0\" href=\"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/en\/product-category\/ant-posters-and-teaching-aids\/\"><span class=\"cf0\">\u00a0plak\u00e1ty mravenc\u016f<\/span><\/a><span class=\"cf0\"> a z\u00edskat 10% off s promo k\u00f3dem <strong>antblog10<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed historie mravenc\u016f: Jak studujeme jejich minulost?<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od dinosaur\u016f, jejich\u017e kosti lze objevit b\u011bhem odpoledn\u00ed t\u00fary, zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed mravenci nen\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stopy. Paleontologov\u00e9 se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na dva kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 typy d\u016fkaz\u016f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fosiln\u00ed otisky:<\/b> Jedn\u00e1 se o dvourozm\u011brn\u00e9 otisky zanechan\u00e9 na sedimentech nebo hornin\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vzorky jantaru:<\/b> Stejn\u011b jako podmaniv\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny z filmu <i>Jursk\u00fd park<\/i>, tyto trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9 zkamen\u011bliny zachycuj\u00ed mravence uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00e9 v prysky\u0159ici star\u00fdch strom\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje detailn\u00ed pohled na jejich anatomii.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-987316696\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-723633506\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_2079891748\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?fit=1020%2C530&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?w=2545&amp;ssl=1 2545w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=769%2C400&amp;ssl=1 769w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1154%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1154w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=768%2C399&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1536%2C798&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=2048%2C1065&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=247%2C128&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2d-print-of-an-ant-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=510%2C265&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_2079891748 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-688314509\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_877630858\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"531\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?fit=1020%2C531&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?w=2553&amp;ssl=1 2553w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=768%2C400&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1152%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1152w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=1536%2C800&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=2048%2C1067&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=247%2C129&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ant-in-amber-How-did-ants-evolve-A-quick-and-easy-exploration-of-ant-history-YouTube.png?resize=510%2C266&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_877630858 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<p>Vz\u00e1cnost t\u011bchto n\u00e1lez\u016f p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdzvu. Za 100 milion\u016f let historie mravenc\u016f bylo objeveno jen n\u011bkolik stovek zkamen\u011blin, co\u017e je v ostr\u00e9m kontrastu s bohatstv\u00edm dinosau\u0159\u00edch kost\u00ed. P\u0159esto tyto vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 relikvie nab\u00edzej\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed poznatky. V\u011bdci analyzuj\u00ed zkamen\u011blou anatomii a porovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed DNA modern\u00edch mravenc\u016f, aby zjistili souvislosti s jejich d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi p\u0159edky.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Definov\u00e1n\u00ed mravenc\u016f: Co d\u011bl\u00e1 mravence mravencem?<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Modern\u00ed mravenci maj\u00ed t\u0159i spole\u010dn\u00e9 anatomick\u00e9 znaky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Loketn\u00ed ant\u00e9ny<\/b><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Petiole Waist<\/b>, rozd\u011blen\u00fd na jednu nebo dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Metapleur\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy<\/b>, i kdy\u017e nejsou aktivn\u00ed u v\u0161ech druh\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tyto znaky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016fm odli\u0161it fosilie prav\u00fdch mravenc\u016f od jin\u00e9ho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho hmyzu, jako jsou v\u010dely nebo vosy. Pochopen\u00ed t\u00e9to anatomie je kl\u00ed\u010dem k odhalen\u00ed jejich evolu\u010dn\u00ed historie.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Nejstar\u0161\u00ed mravenci: D\u00e1vn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00e1tky (p\u0159ed 140-168 miliony let)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Mravenci se poprv\u00e9 objevili v obdob\u00ed jury a sd\u00edleli sv\u016fj sv\u011bt s dinosaury a vysok\u00fdmi borovicemi. Tehdy byli vz\u00e1cn\u00ed a mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b rozmanit\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed mravenci pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u017eili samot\u00e1\u0159sky a jejich primitivn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zelo slo\u017eit\u00fdm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm struktur\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me dnes. Kolonie mohly obsahovat pouze 10 jedinc\u016f - co\u017e je sotva srovnateln\u00e9 s dne\u0161n\u00edmi rozlehl\u00fdmi koloniemi.<\/p>\n<p>Jedna z nejstar\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch \u010deled\u00ed mravenc\u016f, <i>Sphecomyrminae<\/i>, poch\u00e1z\u00ed z doby p\u0159ed 100 miliony let. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 t\u00e9to \u010deledi, jako nap\u0159. <i>Haidomyrmex<\/i>, m\u011bli vertik\u00e1ln\u011b se otev\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed \u010delisti - funguj\u00edc\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e jako n\u016f\u017eky -, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se li\u0161ili od modern\u00edch mravenc\u016f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-582783453\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1366483931\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1765952408\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"521\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?fit=1020%2C521&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?w=2550&amp;ssl=1 2550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=783%2C400&amp;ssl=1 783w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=1175%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1175w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=768%2C392&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=1536%2C784&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=2048%2C1046&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=247%2C126&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Sphecomyrmina-ant-family.png?resize=510%2C260&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1765952408 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-2011424310\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_591008869\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?fit=1020%2C525&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?w=2526&amp;ssl=1 2526w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=777%2C400&amp;ssl=1 777w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=1166%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1166w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=768%2C395&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=1536%2C790&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=2048%2C1054&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Haidomyrmex.png?resize=510%2C262&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_591008869 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<p>V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee mravenci maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka se samot\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi vosami. Ob\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed do \u0159\u00e1du blanok\u0159\u00eddl\u00fdch, kam pat\u0159\u00ed i v\u010dely. Jejich evolu\u010dn\u00ed cesty se p\u0159ed miliony let roze\u0161ly, ale mravenci a v\u010dely z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi biologick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1191961761\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?fit=1020%2C526&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?w=2550&amp;ssl=1 2550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=776%2C400&amp;ssl=1 776w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=1163%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1163w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=768%2C396&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=1536%2C792&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=2048%2C1056&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hymenoptera-tree-simplified.png?resize=510%2C263&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1191961761 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-2097029751\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-2097029751 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Rozkv\u011bt kvetouc\u00edch rostlin (p\u0159ed 100 miliony let)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Zhruba p\u0159ed 100 miliony let zm\u011bnil v\u00fdvoj mravenc\u016f rozmach kvetouc\u00edch rostlin. S diverzifikac\u00ed rostlin se mravenci p\u0159izp\u016fsobovali nov\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm potravy a nov\u00fdm stanovi\u0161t\u00edm. V tomto obdob\u00ed vznikly r\u016fzn\u00e9 skupiny mravenc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Leptanillinae:<\/b> Nejstar\u0161\u00ed dochovan\u00e1 skupina, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje mal\u00fdmi, bled\u00fdmi mravenci s dvoud\u00edln\u00fdm pasem.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Poneroidy:<\/b> Drav\u00ed mravenci zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdmi loveck\u00fdmi schopnostmi.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Formicoidy:<\/b> Skupina zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed modern\u00ed obl\u00edben\u00e9 mravence, jako jsou mravenci tesa\u0159\u00edci, listono\u0161i a mravenci vojen\u0161t\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm miln\u00edkem byl v\u00fdskyt mravenc\u016f z \u010deledi Formicinae - mistr\u016f obrann\u00fdch strategi\u00ed, jako je st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed kyselinou. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to \u00e9ry si mravenci za\u010dali rozd\u011blovat pr\u00e1ci mezi kasty, \u010d\u00edm\u017e polo\u017eili z\u00e1klady vysoce organizovan\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 obdivujeme dnes.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">P\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddov\u00e9 krize (p\u0159ed 65 miliony let)<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco dopad asteroidu, kter\u00fd ukon\u010dil \u00e9ru dinosaur\u016f, zp\u016fsobil masov\u00e9 vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, mravenci vyv\u00e1zli bez \u00fahony. Jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed se p\u0159ipisuje jejich podzemn\u00edmu zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota a flexibilit\u011b stravy. Tato odolnost jim umo\u017enila prosperovat ve sv\u011bt\u011b po p\u0159\u00edchodu dinosaur\u016f a diverzifikovat se do je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce druh\u016f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Mraven\u010d\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a modern\u00ed dominance<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>P\u0159ed 50 miliony let:<\/b> U n\u011bkter\u00fdch mravenc\u016f se vyvinulo zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed hub jako zdroje potravy - tato praxe je dodnes patrn\u00e1 u mravenc\u016f listonoh\u016f.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>P\u0159ed 12-8 miliony let:<\/b> Vznikly listn\u00e1\u010de, kter\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ily symbiotick\u00fd vztah se sv\u00fdmi p\u011bstovan\u00fdmi houbami, jejich\u017e p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mravenc\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>P\u0159ed 1 milionem let:<\/b> Mravenci ohniv\u00ed (<i>Solenopsis invicta<\/i>) zah\u00e1jili sv\u00e9 celosv\u011btov\u00e9 dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed. Jejich \u00fasp\u011bch se p\u0159ipisuje polygynii (v\u00edce kr\u00e1loven v jedn\u00e9 kolonii), schopnosti rychl\u00e9ho st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159izp\u016fsobivosti strav\u011b. Dnes jsou mravenci ohniv\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za jeden z nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f mravenc\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_600358432\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?fit=1020%2C526&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?w=2548&amp;ssl=1 2548w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=775%2C400&amp;ssl=1 775w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=1163%2C600&amp;ssl=1 1163w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=768%2C396&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=1536%2C793&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=2048%2C1057&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=247%2C127&amp;ssl=1 247w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ff.png?resize=510%2C263&amp;ssl=1 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_600358432 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-2140974434\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-2140974434 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Rozmanitost mravenc\u016f dnes<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Mravenci nejen p\u0159e\u017eili, ale i prosperuj\u00ed a ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny pevniny na Zemi. V\u011bdci identifikovali v\u00edce ne\u017e 12 500 druh\u016f, i kdy\u017e skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. V tropick\u00fdch oblastech p\u0159evy\u0161uje biomasa mravenc\u016f biomasu v\u0161ech obratlovc\u016f dohromady. Jejich jedin\u00e9 omezen\u00ed? Citlivost na n\u00edzk\u00e9 teploty. Mnoho druh\u016f si v\u0161ak vyvinulo chytr\u00e9 strategie, jako je hibernace, aby vydr\u017eely sez\u00f3nn\u00ed zm\u011bny.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" style=\"color:rgb(104, 161, 39);\">Cesta pokra\u010duje<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>Navzdory sv\u00e9mu neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9mu \u00fasp\u011bchu z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed mravenci st\u00e1le na hranici v\u011bdeck\u00fdch objev\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 fosilie a anal\u00fdza DNA p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00fd kousek do jejich evolu\u010dn\u00ed skl\u00e1da\u010dky. Od samot\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f a\u017e po zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 inovace se mravenci zapsali mezi nejpozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy v historii Zem\u011b.Jedno je jist\u00e9: mravenci jsou mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e jen pracovit\u00fd hmyz - jsou d\u016fkazem vynal\u00e9zavosti p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kdy\u017e p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edme o biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti Zem\u011b, hmyz je v centru pozornosti. Ve skute\u010dnosti tvo\u0159\u00ed 55% ve\u0161ker\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti - v\u010detn\u011b rostlin, hub a dokonce i \u017eivota v oce\u00e1nech - a \u00factyhodn\u00fdch 85% ve\u0161ker\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 rozmanitosti. Mezi hmyzem zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsto mravenci, kter\u00fdm se da\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech ekosyst\u00e9mech na Zemi. Navzdory jejich v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomnosti z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich evolu\u010dn\u00ed historie jakousi z\u00e1hadou. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 200 lety v\u00fdzkumu dinosaur\u016f je paleontologie mravenc\u016f relativn\u011b mlad\u00fdm oborem, star\u00fdm jen asi 50 let. Prozkoumejme, co zat\u00edm v\u00edme o evolu\u010dn\u00ed cest\u011b mravenc\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":24784,"featured_media":11225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[539],"tags":[486,470,488,494,490,492,489,491,495,493],"class_list":["post-11219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ant-history","tag-ant-history","tag-ant-research","tag-ants-before-evolution","tag-ants-evolution-tree","tag-evolution-of-ants-species","tag-evolution-of-ants-timeline","tag-evolution-of-fire-ants","tag-speculative-evolution-ants","tag-the-ants-after-meteorite","tag-the-ants-evolution-guide"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/antcube.shop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Ant-evolution_thumbnail2.png?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24784"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11219"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12604,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11219\/revisions\/12604"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antcube.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}